Learn important things about diabetes

• The celebration of World Diabetes Day was started in 1991 to draw public attention to the growing health risks due to diabetes.
• Diabetes has become a major problem in India. According to the International Diabetes Federation, there were 691 million cases of diabetes in India in 2015.
• In this situation it is important to know important information about diabetes.

What is diabetes?

In diabetes, the amount of sugar in the body of any person is very high. There are two types of diabetes: type-1 and type-2.

What is the difference between Type-1 and Type-2? Both types of diabetes are related to a hormone called insulin in the body.

Insulin is produced in the pancreas. The pancreas is in the back of the abdomen. Insulin controls the amount of sugar in the body.

• In type 1 diabetes, the cells that produce insulin in the body are destroyed.
• In type 2 diabetes, the body stops producing enough insulin or the cells do not respond to insulin.

The amount of sugar

Both types of diabetes affect the level of sugar in the body. However, the effect is different in both cases.

Diabetes-1 is more prevalent in children, but now cases of type-2 diabetes in children are also coming out.

Type 2 diabetes is more common in adults. Nine out of ten adolescents have type 2 diabetes.

The increase in the number of cases of type 2 diabetes is also due to the increase in the number of overweight people. Obesity is also causing other diseases.

Type-1 diabetes

• This type of diabetes lasts a lifetime.
• This type of diabetes is not caused by eating habits or diet.
•  It is not possible to cure it completely and it can cause serious health problems.

What happens in type-1 diabetes?

Type-1 diabetes occurs when insulin-producing cells are destroyed. Because of this the body cannot use glucose.

Glucose is the type of sugar. Glucose gives energy to the body. However, due to the inability to consume glucose for the above reasons, the body gets energy from any other source.

The body uses fat and protein to get that energy. Fat and protein are found in other parts of the body. When a person has diabetes, it causes weight loss and physical discomfort.

People with type 1 diabetes often complain of having to go to the toilet, feeling tired and thirsty.

How is the treatment done?

• It is not clear why insulin-producing cells stop working.
• It can be treated by injecting insulin at regular intervals.
• The body continues to use glucose for energy due to the injection of insulin.

Type-2 diabetes

• This type of diabetes is most often caused by eating large amounts of sugary and fatty foods and not exercising.
• In some cases the reasons are different.
• Even a complete cure for type-2 diabetes is not possible.
• This type of diabetes can also cause serious health problems.

What Happens in Type 2 Diabetes?

There are more patients with type 2 diabetes than with type 1 diabetes. Eighty-five to 90 percent of diabetics suffer from type 2 diabetes.

Insulin helps to separate glucose from the food we eat and deliver it to other parts of the body.

Insulin also helps different cells in our body to get glucose. Without insulin, cells cannot absorb glucose, and glucose builds up in the body.

Many people do not suffer from diabetes for a long time because of their diet. However, the problem is growing among children and young people.

How is the treatment done?

Type 2 diabetes is caused by a large accumulation of glucose in the body.

 

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Once a person is diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, they are advised to change their eating habits and exercise.

This can help reduce glucose levels in the body by stopping high-fat and sugary foods and exercising.

In some cases, patients with type 2 diabetes are also given medication or extra insulin.